The impact of climate change on water resources and natural and agricultural ecosystems is still poorly understood. In addition, humans have a direct effect on ecosystems and water resources due to the fact that they use such resources. Being able to better understand and predict how ecosystems and water resources will be affected is of great importance for dealing with climate change, for resource management and for the implementation of carbon sequestration policies.

The priority for research should be to improve our understanding and prediction of such impacts. At the same time, research needs to be carried out in order to define the connections between climate change and human impact on land in its various aspects, especially the extent to which land use contributes to polluting emissions and warming. In this regard, the comparative study of past and present climates is necessary.