Expertise

• Interactions biosphère-atmosphère
• Les changements globaux et continentaux
• Mécanique des fluides des flux turbulents
• Erosion du sol par le vent

Position actuelle

En poste au CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation), où il dirige l’équipe de recherche sur les cycles biogéochimiques continentaux (division « Recherche Marine et Atmosphérique »).

Co-président du Global Carbon Project
Ce projet vise à obtenir une description complète du cycle global du carbone, en incluant non seulement ses dimensions humaines et biophysiques, mais également les interactions et rétroactions.

Sujets de recherche

• Mouvement et stockage de la chaleur, et l’eau et du carbone aux échelles locale, continentale et globale.

Changement global et continental, en particulier les effets du climat et de l’utilisation des sols sur les cycles terrestres de l’eau, de la chaleur, du carbone et des nutriments.

• Cycle global du carbone, plus particulièrement l’étude des impacts de l’activité humaine sur la dynamique du cycle naturel  Méthode de « fusion modèle-données » visant à mieux comprendre le changement global et la gestion des ressources naturelles

• Mécanique des fluides des flux turbulents, notamment au niveau des surfaces accidentées (exemple : vent en présence de végétation)

• Flux éoliens et diffusion de matières portées par le vent dans la basse atmosphere

• Erosion du sol par le vent, incluant des études sur le transport éolien de particules solides, le contrôle de l’érosion par la végétation et la durabilité à long terme de l’agriculture dans un contexte d’érosion éolienne.

Publications marquantes

• Changements globaux et continentaux

Raupach, M.R., Marland, G., Ciais, P., Le Quere, C., Canadell, J.G., Klepper, G. and Field C.B.
Global and regional drivers of accelerating CO2 emissions PNAS ; 104(24) : 10288-10293 ; 12 juin 2007
Canadell, J.G., Le Quéré, C., Raupach, M.R., Field, C.B., Buitenhuis, E.T., Ciais, P., Conway, T.J., Gillett, N.P., Houghton, R.A., Marland, G.
Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
PNAS ; 104 (47) : 18866-18870 ; 20 novembre 2007
Livre : Field, C.B. and Raupach, M.R.
The Global Carbon Cycle: Integrating Humans, Climate and the Natural World
Island Press, Washington ; 2004

• Interactions biosphère-atmosphère

Raupach, M.R.
Chapitre “Inferring biogeochemical sources and sinks from atmospheric concentrations: general considerations and applications in vegetation canopies” dans le livre “Global Biogeochemical Cycles in the Climate System”
Eds. E.-D. Schulze, S.P. Harrison, M. Heimann, E.A. Holland, J. Lloyd, I.C. Prentice and D. Schimel ; 2001
Raupach, M.R.
A practical Lagrangian method for relating scalar concentrations to source distributions in vegetation canopies.
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ; 115 (487) : 609-632 ; 1989

• Mécanique des fluides des flux turbulents

Raupach, M.R., Finnigan, J.J and Brunet, Y.
Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing layer analogy Boundary-Layer Meteorology ; 78 (3-4) : 351-382 ; Mars1996
Raupach, M.R., Antonia, R.A. and Rajagopalan, S. Rough-wall turbulent boundary layers. Applied Mechanics Reviews ; 44 :1-25 ; 1991

• Erosion éolienne

Raupach, M.R., Gillette, D.A. and Leys, J.F. The effect of roughness elements on wind erosion threshold
Journal of Geophysical Research ; 98, 3023-3029 ; 1993
Raupach, M.R.
Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces
Boundary-Layer Meteorology ; 60 (4) : 375-395 ; Septembre 1992 [Corrigendum: Boundary-Layer Meteorology ; 76 : 303-304 ; 1995].

Résumé en anglais des résultats majeurs des recherches de Michael Raupach et de leurs impacts dans les milieux scientifiques, économiques et politiques

Throughout his career in CSIRO and particularly since his last promotion in 1997, Dr Raupach has achieved major scientific advances in fields ranging in scope and scale from basic fluid-mechanical processes in land-air interactions to the entire earth system. His scientific advances have had very high external impact, evidenced by participation in the setting of public policy and frequent media contributions. His work is strongly supported by external funding from Australian government agencies (nearly $1M in 2006-07 alone).
His scientific impact is seen in 5297 citations and a Hirsch Index of 39 (as of 15 feb 2008). These figures place Dr Raupach in the highest rank of CSIRO scientists. He was elected to the Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering in 2002.
Dr Raupach has made major contributions to research leadership, both inside CSIRO and internationally. Within CSIRO he has led a succession of teams and programs in four different Divisions between 1992 and 2007. Internationally, he has led the Global Carbon Project (GCP) since 2000, as its inaugural o-chair. The GCP has been highly successful in creating new scientific syntheses and contributing to the IPCC and UNFCCC. Achievements
a) In 2006-07, leading an international team, Dr Raupach identified trends and regional drivers of CO2 emissions, particularly the recent acceleration in emissions and the fact that actual emissions since 2000 exceed scenarios. With the same team Dr Raupach identified an increase in the CO2 airborne fraction.
b) In 2003-04, Dr Raupach shaped and co-edited (with Dr Chris Field) the first transdisciplinary synthesis of carbon-climate-human interactions, treating biophysics, biogeochemistry and feedbacks from and to human activities.
c) Throughout his career Dr Raupach has made pivotal contributions to the understanding of turbulent flow and the transport of heat, water vapour, CO2 and particles in vegetation canopies. The concepts, theories and experiments developed since 1980 by Dr Raupach, often with Dr John Finnigan as a close colleague, have shaped the discipline of canopy micrometeorology and now underpin all advanced models.
d) Dr Raupach developed now-standard models for soil erosion by wind and its amelioration by vegetation.
e) In the mid 1990s in response to requests from the cotton industry, Dr Raupach analysed multi-pathway pesticide (particularly endosulfan) transport in riverine environments, identifying vapour transport as a significant new pathway.
f) In 2000-2001 Dr Raupach formulated fundamental thermodynamic constraints on regional biosphere-atmosphere exchanges, leading to a simple, robust model for Australian continental water balance.
g) From 2003-2005, leading Australian and international colleagues, Dr Raupach advanced the application of model-data fusion methods for describing the terrestrial biosphere in earth system models.
Impacts
a) Dr Raupach's CO2 emissions analysis (PNAS, May 2007) has been a major impetus in the developing urgency of the climate debate. It was the most-read paper in PNAS in the months after its publication, generating several hundred media stories worldwide. It is now widely quoted in public and policy debate. Findings on trends in the CO2 airborne fraction (PNAS, October 2007) have had similar impact. Through these papers, Dr Raupach was invited to participate in the Garnaut Review of Australia's climate policy.
b) The book by Field and Raupach (2004) "The Global Carbon Cycle" led to policy advice to the UNFCCC.
c) Dr Raupach's basic work on canopy turbulence has essentially created the modern foundation for canopy micrometeorology. The work is widely applied in global climate models including ACCESS.
d) Many Australian and overseas land management agencies use guidelines for amelioration of wind erosion originating in work by Dr Raupach and colleagues, especially his students Yaping Shao and John Leys.
e) Work on multi-pathway pesticide movement was instrumental in changing Australian guidelines.
f) Work on regional biosphere-atmosphere interactions culminated in 2005-07 in the Australian Water Availability Project, which delivered an operational system for monitoring soil water, rainfall, evaporation, runoff and drainage across the Australian continent. This work, joint with the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) and the Bureau of Rural Science, received over $1M in external funding through the National Heritage Trust.
g) Terrestrial model-data fusion work is influencing ACCESS, the CSIRO-BoM earth system model.